They were small familiar huts constructed on the axial plan of a central hall with an open skylight. The homes of the early Etruscans (predecessors of the Romans) were simple, even for the wealthy or ruling classes. These multi-level apartment blocks were built as high and tightly together as possible and held far less status and convenience than the private homes of the prosperous. Many poor and lower-middle-class Romans lived in crowded, dirty and mostly rundown rental apartments, known as insulae. The elite classes of Roman society constructed their residences with elaborate marble decorations, inlaid marble paneling, door jambs and columns as well as expensive paintings and frescoes. Many chose to live primarily, or even exclusively, in their villas these homes were generally much grander in scale and on larger acres of land due to more space outside the walled and fortified city. Along with a domus in the city, many of the richest families of ancient Rome also owned a separate country house known as a villa.
The word dom in modern Slavic languages means "home" and is a cognate of the Latin word, going back to Proto-Indo-European. The modern English word domestic comes from Latin domesticus, which is derived from the word domus. It was found in almost all the major cities throughout the Roman territories. In Ancient Rome, the domus (plural domūs, genitive domūs or domī) was the type of town house occupied by the upper classes and some wealthy freedmen during the Republican and Imperial eras. Patrician, senatorial class, equestrian class, plebeian, freedmen
In the older parts of the city the rich could not build out, so they built up.
A Roman domus was limited in size because of the confines of the city walls.
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